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Representation in International Organizations: Size and Composition of National Delegations
Vlček, Václav ; Parízek, Michal (advisor) ; Karlas, Jan (referee) ; Sommerer, Thomas (referee)
In general, states and their governments make decisions in international politics and international organizations. However, the states are, in fact, represented by people. How many and who are they? This dissertation thesis deals with state representation in international organizations. In particular, it studies the size and composition of national delegations to plenary meetings of international organizations. From the theoretical perspective, the thesis builds on rationalist assumptions and tests established theories in the field. As for the causes of the various delegation sizes, the thesis hypothesizes 1) various institutional power, 2) different economic resources, 3) various intensity of national interests, 4) different levels of government effectiveness, and 5) different domestic political regimes. Next, the theoretical framework explains the various delegation composition by 1) different intensity of the national preferences, 2) different levels of government effectiveness, and 3) different domestic political regimes. From the methodological perspective, the thesis builds on an extensive statistical analysis using a unique quantitative dataset across seventeen international organizations and the UN General Assembly sessions from 1993 to 2016. The delegation composition is operationalized in...
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The General Meeting of a joint stock company
Stiborová, Aneta ; Čech, Petr (advisor) ; Eichlerová, Kateřina (referee)
The aim of my thesis is to provide a comprehensive overview of the current legal status of general meetings of the stock companies and procedures for their assembling from the perspective of legal theory and practice, focusing on the current decision-making process of courts within the Czech Republic. The method used for gathering all the information needed was the studying of the available sources, namely: published books and magazines, and published judgments of the Supreme Court of the Czech Republic considering the given issue. The paper aims, in addition to a general description and unification of uncontested facts, to discuss issues and options for solutions conformimg with the laws of the Czech Republic. Simultaneously, the paper seeks to draw attention to the conclusions of the courts and the vocational community. The focus of the thesis is the definition of authorized meeting organizers and their responsibilities associated the role; followed by a systematic analysis of the covening of the General Assembly to define particular problems which might be encountered by the convener and shareholders may throughout the practice. The conclusion is devoted to European law and its impact on the law of the Czech Republic in the field of law of general meetings of joint stock companies.
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Competences of the general meeting of a limited liability company
Švestka, Vít ; Štenglová, Ivanka (advisor) ; Patěk, Daniel (referee)
and keywords This diploma thesis deals on the competence of general assembly in a limited liability company. In the introduction the author made a brief historical summary presenting the previous legislation of the Czech republic. The thesis is divided into four parts. The first part concerns with the general findings on the competence of general assembly including its classification. The second part is special to the first one, since it concerns with particular cases of competencies. This part is the most voluminous one because of its goal to interpret various conditions to take a decision depending on case of competency. In the third part the author made description of the French legislation and compared it to the Czech one. From the previous findings the author made a critical evaluation of contemporary legislation in the fourth part as well as specific suggestion for law-making changes.
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Competences of the general meeting of a limited liability company
Švestka, Vít ; Štenglová, Ivanka (advisor) ; Patěk, Daniel (referee)
and keywords This diploma thesis deals on the competence of general assembly in a limited liability company. In the introduction the author made a brief historical summary presenting the previous legislation of the Czech republic. The thesis is divided into four parts. The first part concerns with the general findings on the competence of general assembly including its classification. The second part is special to the first one, since it concerns with particular cases of competencies. This part is the most voluminous one because of its goal to interpret various conditions to take a decision depending on case of competency. In the third part the author made description of the French legislation and compared it to the Czech one. From the previous findings the author made a critical evaluation of contemporary legislation in the fourth part as well as specific suggestion for law-making changes.
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The Role of the Secretary General in the United Nations
Ouzká, Tereza ; Bílková, Veronika (advisor) ; Faix, Martin (referee)
The goal of this Thesis entitled The Role of the Secretary General in the United Nations is to respond to the following questions: What is the role of the Secretary-General in the United Nations and how did the position change due to historical circumstances. The Thesis opens with a chapter dealing with the evolution from the League of Nations to the United Nations focusing on the role of the Secretary General. The next Chapter concentrates on the competences of the Secretary-General in relation to the other UN bodies. The third Chapter analyzes reforms proposed by several of the Secretaries General. The essay also discusses the diplomatic role of the Secretary General in the international environment and his/her relationship with non-governmental parties and the private sector. The text proposes examples illustrating successes and failures of the Secretaries General in specific situations. The Thesis also focuses on expanding of competences of the Secretary General achieved by individual representatives of this function. The text demonstrates that the Secretary General plays an important role in today's globalized society despite the fact that this position is often marginalized by the other UN bodies.
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Abuse of majority or minority votes in a capital company
Szmuda, Jozef ; Černá, Stanislava (advisor) ; Josková, Lucie (referee)
Abuse of majority and minority votes within the corporate enterprises This thesis analyzes the possible abuse of majority and minority votes within the corporate enterprises in light of a fundamental changes of civil legislation brought by the Act No. 89/2012 Coll., the Civil Code of the Czech Republic, as amended, and the Act No. 90/2012 Coll., on business companies and societies (Czech Business Corporations Act) as amended. This examination provides a baseline comparison of new legal rules with the existing legislation and highlights the most important changes that were adopted in the form of the new regulation. On the basis of the analysis, the author evaluates the advantages of the new law and attempts to identify problems that may occur when the law comes into force. The applicability of the existing case law to the new legislation was one of the objectives of the paper. The author came to the conclusion that the applicability of the law is limited to the fundamental legal principles and rules only. The reasoning is that the abuse of majority and minority votes in the corporate enterprises is of such a special nature that it would not be desirable to create any definite rules of interpretation for all the cases or the so-called typical cases. On the contrary, the court should be very careful...
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The General Meeting of a joint stock company
Stiborová, Aneta ; Čech, Petr (advisor) ; Eichlerová, Kateřina (referee)
The aim of my thesis is to provide a comprehensive overview of the current legal status of general meetings of the stock companies and procedures for their assembling from the perspective of legal theory and practice, focusing on the current decision-making process of courts within the Czech Republic. The method used for gathering all the information needed was the studying of the available sources, namely: published books and magazines, and published judgments of the Supreme Court of the Czech Republic considering the given issue. The paper aims, in addition to a general description and unification of uncontested facts, to discuss issues and options for solutions conformimg with the laws of the Czech Republic. Simultaneously, the paper seeks to draw attention to the conclusions of the courts and the vocational community. The focus of the thesis is the definition of authorized meeting organizers and their responsibilities associated the role; followed by a systematic analysis of the covening of the General Assembly to define particular problems which might be encountered by the convener and shareholders may throughout the practice. The conclusion is devoted to European law and its impact on the law of the Czech Republic in the field of law of general meetings of joint stock companies.
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Discussion on US sanctions against Cuba at the U.N. General Assembly
Šplíchalová, Eva ; Trávníčková, Zuzana (advisor) ; Machoň, Miloslav (referee)
The United States imposed the longest lasting sanction regime on Cuba in 1960 as a result of strained relations in recent years. Each US administration modified form of the sanctions regime, depending on the attitude toward the Cuban issue. General Assembly, the highest authority of the UN, adopts not legally binding but politically significant resolutions. Resolution condemning US sanctions regime has been adopted annually since 1992. Discussion on changes of the sanction regime in the General Assembly is a sign of reflection on current events and unrigid process of resolutions adoption. The main purpose is to determine whether the changes of the sanction regime were mentioned in the discussions on the adoption of the resolutions. The result of the analysis shows the reflection of the events in the speeches of ambassadors. The amount of mentioned events in speeches depends whether they were positive or negative step toward easing the embargo, and also how important the event was.
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Ways of maintaining order in the parliamentary chamber (in selected countries): Study 1.210
Syllová, Jindřiška
Studie se zabývá právními úpravami, které jsou zde podrobně uvedeny. Je možno konstatovat, že v zajištění kázně a pořádku jsou neúspěšné zejména ty parlamenty, které ponechávají zajištění pořádku v sále okamžitému rozhodnutí pléna a nemají dostatečně ustálenou aplikační a interpretační praxi při řešení nepořádku a zachování důstojnosti parlamentu. Nejúspěšnější jsou naproti tomu parlamenty, kde má předsedající vyšší autoritu a nemusí se obracet k nějakému jinému orgánu, který často rozhoduje stranicky. Důležité a pozitivní je rovněž to, když předsedající může rozhodnout o řešení záležitosti okamžitě a bez toho, že by se k porušení pořádku mohli vyjádřit jiní poslanci. Základním návodem pro to, jak udržet pořádek v plénu komory parlamentu, by měla být britská praxe. Vzhledem k tomu, že britská Dolní sněmovna je, na rozdíl od kontinentálních parlamentů, více divadlem, zatímco kontinentální parlamenty slouží více ke skutečné práci a tvorbě legislativy, je pro ni nezbytné, aby způsoby parlamentního divadla plnily dva základní úkoly: musí být pro diváky atraktivní a zároveň nesmí snižovat důstojnost parlamentu.
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